Colorado water rights are not something that is widely understood. In reality, the situation is hardly discussed and has no real structure or setup for the process beyond the basics that are in place. When it comes to buying and selling Colorado water rights, you need to get familiar with the process so that you can get the water rights that you need. In cities and towns, water is abundantly available through the public water system. However, out in the mountains and less populated areas of the state, that might not always be the case. This is where the need to buy these water rights comes in to play.
Colorado water rights are a little better known and understood than they are in some other states, simply because of the East-West divide that makes water scarce in some parts of the state. The South Platte River basin is the most popular area for buying and selling water rights in Colorado, mainly because it’s where there is plenty of water being diverted that can be bought and sold. By diverting water from the Western Slope, there are 30 towns receiving supplemental water and there are about 693,000 acres that are being irrigated. People who want water rights might not be able to buy them without this diversion, because there might not be water worth having rights to.
Colorado water rights work because people need water. Since many decades ago when frontiersmen realize the need to have water in these locations where it was not prominent before, they have been using a system of water rights to make sure that all land owners and inhabitants of these less abundant areas are able to get the water that they need. The system isn’t perfect, by any means, and there are many things that often need to be explained, but it does work to serve its purpose.
Colorado water rights follow one of the two types of doctrines, the Prior Appropriations Doctrine, which basically says whoever was there first has rights to the water. This is only one way of handling the use of water rights, but it is the way that most Western states take care of it. The doctrine was developed in times of great need, which is why it is so set on a ‘first come, first served’ philosophy. That’s really all there is to Colorado water rights, but it can still seem complicated at best.